Reflection Of Ebonics - 1741 Words

Language is a primary mean of communication that has contributed to society for millions of years. Language can tell a story about people’s culture. Language can produce a series of emotions and meanings. Language can be spoken distinctively through changes in spelling, speed, tones, and pitches. Language creates an atmosphere of togetherness, mystery, and security to outsiders. In my life, Ebonics had revealed an unique aspect of how my parents and distant relatives influenced my understanding of the Afrocentric dialect of the English language. In addition, it revealed how I communicate to my family and friends and the distinction of my reading between Ebonics and Old English during my high school years. Not to mention, for those who†¦show more content†¦Three years later, they resided in Lake Ridge, a predominately black suburban neighborhood, to start their new lives with me on the way to enter the world. After my birth, months later, my parents took me to visit both of their families in Memphis and Rossville, to show off their beautiful baby girl. My parents and I continued to visit our family almost 8 times a year. Once I could literally understand my surroundings when I was a 1 year- old, whenever I would visit my relatives, I could hear the uniqueness of how they spoke. I recall my aunts, grandmother, great- grandmother, and cousins on my mother side, speaking in many different tones, pitches, and speed. I could hear my grandmother telling my mother how cute I was. â€Å"Aww, now she ah cute lil girl, she ova here lookin’ like her daddy.† (â€Å"Aww, she is a cute little girl. She looks just like her dad.†), said my grandmother. I still remember the high pitch of her voice and the fast speed of how her words came out. But I didn’t think too much of it of course being that I was so young. Moments later, we arrived at my father’s sister’s house in Rossville, Tennessee. My aunt, K.K, held me up to her face and smiled with gleam. She turns to my parents and says, â€Å"Y’all don came all da way up here and I get to see dis angel.† (You all really came all the way here and I get to see this angel.†) Again, I recall that my aunt had the same high pitch and speed as my grandmother. After manyShow MoreRelatedShould Students Use Ebonics During The Classroom? Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesdropbox on Moodle. 1. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement: We should allow students to use Ebonics in the classroom. Make sure you explain your answer well. I agree that we should allow students to use Ebonics in the classroom because then stu-dent will be able to learn about the different cultures and languages for them to know for their future learning and lives. Ebonics is an important in the because not all students may have access to someone with a different language than ourRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Understanding, Culture, And Perspectives1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural communication is about distinctions and variances that refer to traditional, and everyday life. In this reflection paper I will display supporting factors that contribute to my understanding of cultures. I will present my understanding of my background, experiences, culture, and perspectives. In addition. give my understanding of acceptance and differences in background, experience, culture and perspectives outside of my culture by giving my understanding of cognitive and behavioralRead MoreLanguage As A Form Of Communication Essay1388 Word s   |  6 Pagesdialect. However, if it is spoken by a speech community that is merely socially isolated, it is called a social dialect. These latter dialects are mostly based on class, ethnicity, gender, age, and particular social situations. Black English, or Ebonics, in the United States is an example of a social dialect. Dialects may be both regional and social. An example is the Chinese spoken dialect and written form called nushu. It apparently was known and used only by women in the village of Jiang-yongRead MoreThe Impact Of Hip Hop Music On America1491 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiate violence. When young men model around with their extravagant bling, they illustrate their worth to a female. Inadvertedly, materialism then becomes the means for winning sexual partners. Another is establishing a ‘thug’ reputation through Ebonics/slang dictation, baggy clothing and a street reputation. Young black women play a role in perpetrating hip-hop culture also. By ac knowledging only young men who wear bling or those who live a ‘thug life’, they maintain the appeal of a destructiveRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Language1737 Words   |  7 Pagesspeak a different dialect of their own are unintelligent or it’s â€Å"wrong†. However, â€Å"negative attitudes towards the language, lack of information about the language, inefficient techniques for teaching language and literacy skills† (CCCC Statement on Ebonics) does not mean someone having a different style of speech from another’s regard others who speak in dialects different from their own as being unintelligent, but simply because someone s style of speech is different from another s, does not makeRead MoreEmergent Themes And Data Supported Findings Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesplight the African American males have in life. Participants were asked to discuss the problems African American male students experience in writing. Teachers provided substantive statements supporting several emergent themes: 1) Chore to Write, 2) Ebonics, 3) Disconnect-Lack of Interest, and 4) Inadequate Communication. The data findings revealed 45.8% of teachers believed students feeling compelled to write as a chore. Of the statements 35.4% of participants said the students have a language barrierRead MoreQuestions On Diversity And Communication Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthat in America that may mean something different to the person that you are speaking with language. Take, for instance, the word see in English means to perceive with the eyes: discern visually, it also means discern or deduce mentally after reflection or from information; understand. In Spanish it s si and sounds just the same. But the Spanish version means yes. In the English language si is syllable for the seventh tone of a scale and sometimes even used for the music tone B. In frenchRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English Language Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesused by urban-working class and mostly bi-dialectical middle-class black Americans. The language is also commonly known as Black Vernacular English or Black English. In some cases, particularly outside the academic community, it is referred to as Ebonics given its distinctive features and similarities with other non-standard English varieties. The similarities with other varieties are evident when compared to various standard and non-standard English languages that are commonly used in the UnitedRead MoreSeeing a Color-Blind Future by Patricia J. Williams.2942 Words   |  12 Pageswith the whole Ebonics controversy. At my school a lot of the teachers were outraged with the whole Ebonics issue. At first I thought it was kind of cool that society felt like the way we as African Americans spoke was important enough to give us our own separate language. The more I thought about it the more I realized that racial discrimination was alive and well and I also realized that a stereotype was being implemented and that a lot of the youth was too blind to see it. Ebonics was to be termedRead MoreThe African American Culture And Consciousness From The Short Lived Black Power Movement Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch and linking of historical data with modern day ideologies. He made connections between the changes in African American culture during this era and present day ideas of self-worth in the following generations. He connected the idea of self-reflection and related to the Black Power movements disdain of the Uncle Tom Negro. Also, he connected the music and art form during the Black Power movement with the following generation’s means of expression and choice pertaining to art and music. Van

Success Is A Journey Not A Destination Essay - 1660 Words

Arthur Ashe once said, â€Å"Success is a journey not a destination. The doing is often more important than the outcome.† Success is measured in numerous ways and on many different levels. This perhaps is due to a person’s background, ethnicity, or personal opinion. Many Americans today judge their success based solely on tangible attainments, such as how much money they have, what neighborhood they live in, and how many or what kind of car(s) they drive. Others may even feel fulfilled because of their social status or their last name. While all of these characteristics are great achievements, they should not, however, be the only determining factor of one’s success. By the same token, success may also come in the form of the accomplishments of a specific goal or purpose, for instance obtaining an education, establishing good health, or providing for your family’s daily basic needs. Diversities among humanity bring about a large contrast in priorit ies and what is considered to be success or failure. Oftentimes a person’s dignity and self-worth are very closely related to their background and upbringing. Given that there are millions of people who are of the same race or ethnicity, it is highly possible for customs and traditions to differ from one family to the next. For this reason, there are a variety of ways in which people are raised causing opposite and even adverse effects on their future. What’s more is the fact that each human being is unique in their lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Journey Is The Destination iIn Laurence Shames’ Sweet Smell of Success715 Words   |  3 Pagescontribute to sleepless nights. One’s whole life consists of buying bigger objects and becoming better in hopes of reaching the point where one can say â€Å"I am a success†. Success, especially in north London, is not a fixed point rather it is a progression in constructing a lifelong project plagued by an unmatched desire for peer gratification. Success, then, is not the measure of the common three central factors: appearance, status, and career. It is the legacy that is produced by a life well lived thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald821 Words   |  3 Pagesand social interaction in a group of people through Nick Carraway’s eyes. In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses Gatsby’s downfall as a tragic hero to reveal the American Dream is a lifelong, unattainable journey with no clear destination, only momentary success. Gatsby’s character is portrayed by Fitzgerald as a tragic hero, as he exhibits many of the same traits. Gatsby, within the realm of the novel is an extremely wealthy man and his wealth translates into high prestige andRead MoreSuccessful Tourism Companies : Business Operations Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesand sent tourism product. Real Journeys are a stunning, well-managed company that work through parts of New Zealand. Operating in the Milford Sounds, Doubtful Sounds, Queenstown, Te Anau and Stewart Island, Real Journeys offer experiences that you must see to believe. As they offer boat cruises, scenic flights and many other activities, you are not able to just pack up the activity and experience it in your own part of the world. You must travel to the destinations mentioned to get a real experienceRead MoreMarketing Metaphors : Business As A Journey And My New Venture1438 Words   |  6 Pagesof the following business metaphors: business as a journey and my new venture. Included in this paper is the history and reasons for these metaphors. Also, this paper examine the vehicle/tenor relationship, denotative and connotative meanings and the implications and effects of these metaphors. Metaphors are useful in the business world as they build relationships with the target domain it describes. For instance, a business described as a ‘journey’ can be associated with words like adventure, explorationRead MoreSuccess And Success Of Success1404 Words   |  6 Pagesexcited about this new car and home and he just remains cool about it. To him the house is just a place to stay and the car is just a thing to drive, but to you these things represent reaching a level of success. What is success? Success is a term with many definitions. Webster’s dictionary defines success in four different ways: (1) the favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors; (2) the attainment of wealth, position, honors or the like; (3) a successful performance or achievement;Read MoreAn Analysis Of Sonia Nazario, S Enriques Journey1023 Words   |  5 Pagesidea, is the central concept. Sonia Nazario’s Enrique’s Journey chronicles a young boy’s, whose family and stability were ripped out from under him, journey as a now troubled man across countries to reclaim what was rightfully his. L. Frank Baum’s The Wizard of Oz narrates the trials and tribulations of a young girl who quite literally had her home ripped away from her. Baum goes on to set down one of the most, if not the most, famous journeys in human history as Dorothy traverses the Yellow BrickRead MoreImperialism And Colonialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1302 Word s   |  6 Pagesdifferent worldviews can also impact how an individual experiences travel or mobility. Unfortunately, because of structures such as imperialism and colonialism, the characters in works such as Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Wang Anyi’s â€Å"The Destination,† and Ooderoo Noonuccal’s â€Å"Gooboora, the Silent Pool,† are not able to achieve their goal in traveling or mobility.  Instead, Marlow, Chen Xin, and the Aboriginal people are led astray and deeply affected by the false hope and altered perspectivesRead MoreHelp Users Undergo Well Decision Making Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesguidance for themselves to choose the most worthy transportation for their daily journey. The travel time, travel cost, and accessibility and mobility will become the main reasons for the users to be triggered. As long as the performance of services for public transportation increases by reducing the travel time of public transport, people will be triggered to shift from private vehicles to public transport for their daily journey. According to Zhu et al. (2012) the number of users who choose public transportRead MoreSuccess Is Within The Individual Mind And Expectations907 Words   |  4 PagesSuccess Success is within the individual mind and expectations. The definition of success differs from just one person’s interpretation of what success means. A large block of life is spent working to become successful: acquiring an education, being able to take care of family, achieving a life’s ambition, or making money. People are told throughout childhood to work hard so they can grow up and make lots of money. Everyone aspires to be successful at whatever we are doing: starting a new businessRead MoreMy Personal Action Plan For 20171464 Words   |  6 Pagesgoal statuses based the temporal measurements defined in the action plan. Strategies for addressing roadblocks Setting goals or objectives are usually the simpler aspect of a strategy. Achieving the goals is the difficult part because the path to success is often littered with roadblocks and obstacles. The achievement of strategic goals, therefore, requires defined strategies and approaches to help one overcome the inevitable roadblocks and obstacles that will be encountered, and encountered they

Fairy Tales Are Not Suitable Stories for Young Children free essay sample

Have you ever wondered why your parents read you fairy tales to you as a child? Fairy tales are most certainly suitable for children. My main reasons to support this argument are, they let a child’s imagination run free, they teach children life lessons in an entertaining way and they require the child to see beyond the story to the true meaning of the fairy tale. My first argument is that fairy tales let a child’s imagination run free. This is true, as young children need to be able to project their thoughts beyond themselves. This helps them to think outside the square and think differently, not just what they have been told, but more. Young children need to know how to express their thoughts and fairy tales develops the child’s mind for this exact reason! My second argument is that fairy tales teach children life lessons in an entertaining way. We will write a custom essay sample on Fairy Tales Are Not Suitable Stories for Young Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A child needs to know how to handle problems. When a parent reads their child a fairy tale story they are learning how to be a good person. In fairy tales there is always a good and bad character. The child see how people can be bad, but in the end the good character is doing the right thing and the bad character isn’t, so they will end up being punished and then the happy ending happens with the good character in a happy mood. My final argument is that fairy tales require the child to see beyond the story to the true meaning of the fairy tale. Fairy tales show children that there is not just one side to life but many sides. At times life is complicated, while other times it perfect. In fairy tales this happens, there is a complication and then a resolution. The child can learn from this as when you are growing up you will stumble across some complications, but you will always find a way to solve them even if it takes them a while, they will always find their ‘happy ending’! Even though fairy tales can be unrealistic it still has a meaning and teaches the child an overall lesson and lets them be who they truly are and not hide in darkness. So, go home and get a fairy tale and start reading it t your children, see how what they learn from it.

Japadog national store

Introduction â€Å"Nothing good comes easy† is a common saying that is used in almost every speech. Japadog can actually attest to this, having grown from a simple food stand to a cross national store.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japadog national store specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This success may be attributed to various factors which will be discussed later. Japadog therefore is the main focus in this paper, which examines how the environment and consumer behaviour affects Japadog’s operations. Company Description As the name suggests, Japadog literally means Japanese hotdogs. This is because compared with the regular hotdog, and in comparison with the common condiments known to Americans, the Japadog hotdogs are made using Japanese condiments. Japadog kicked off in Vancouver and solely sells hotdogs. It was established by Japanese descents. In a city like the BC which is largely multiracial, the Japanese hotdogs adds to variety. This is beneficial to Vancouver as the diversified needs of the customers are met. As earlier mentioned, Japadog started out as a small cart vendor and has now grown to join the league of successful mobile food vendors. Demographic Food street vending is a common phenomenon in Vancouver due to its wide sidewalks. The food street vending business is large enough and entails an array of products ranging from fruits, hotdogs, and roast chestnuts. More and more street vending businesses are being encouraged meaning more and more hotdog business stands will be set up. Initially, it was difficult for the Japadog business to gain recognition and essence in America but currently, it is a people’s favourite joint with long queues.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the Vancouver Economic Development Commissi on (2009), Vancouver downtown has over 50,000 daytime employees. The whole of downtown peninsula has around 145,000 employees. The fact that Vancouver downtown is still developing and growing, more people are presumed to move here. Therefore, the demand for hotdogs is likely to increase and so is business. Socio-cultural Hotdog is a socially and culturally accepted snack in the American world. Therefore, the Japadog faces less resistance. The Japadog hotdogs however are an improved version of the commonly known regular hotdog, since Japanese ingredients have been incorporated. All the same, the regular hotdog without Japanese toppings is still reserved and can be provided upon request. The predominant people are English-speaking (Vancouver Economic Development Commission, 2009). This is bound to have a mixed effect on the Japadog because some may like the hotdogs, others may not and others may just be okay with it. The Japanese ingredients differ from the American ones and this may affect the taste perception as well as a person’s future desire to buy from Japadog. Competitive In addition to selling regular hotdogs, Japadog made an improvement on this hotdog using Japanese ingredients. This was a commendable innovation that sought to create a varied taste.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japadog national store specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just like in any beginning business, the perception at first was not so good but time has changed all that. The addition of Japanese ingredients became an intriguing factor for most of the customers and as they continued to love it, more and more people started lining up to get a taste of the Japadog hotdogs. The major competitors of Japadog like dougiedog also offer a bewildering array of condiments that the Americans are more familiar with, and they have freshly prepared or delivered buns. The dougiedog hotdog vendors use condiments favourable to the Americans to innovate their hotdogs. In addition, they make personal deliveries. Technological E-commerce is something that Japadog could incorporate into its business owing to the fact that it has its own website. Doing e-commerce therefore would be much easier. This would help to minimise the long queues since it would include direct delivery to customers. In addition, this would give all people from within Vancouver the chance to access the Japadog delicacies. Japadog would greatly benefit since its customer base as well as its sales would increase. Economic Situation According to British Columbia statistics (2012), the economy of BC is not expected to grow rapidly. Future growth is forecasted at 2.8% compared with 2012’s 3%. The overall unemployment rate has been shown to rise to 7%. This could be attributed to the growing population in the area. Regardless of this growing population, a commensurate rise in unemployment is not promising for Japadog. This is because if more people are unemployed, then it means that the dependency level goes high and the hotdog business may be negatively affected.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regulatory Vancouver embraces and appreciates diversity in food. Therefore, the innovation of the Japanese hotdogs was a plus not only for the Japadog business but for the community as well. The integration of the Japanese culture into the American was a distinct example of appreciation among cultures. In addition, the Japadog business contributes to attainment of food security in the region (Vancouver Food Policy Council, 2007). Influences on Consumer Behaviour Psychological The pleasure and satisfaction derived from eating the Japanese hotdogs are some major factors that influence consumer behaviour. The euphoria of the senses like taste influences the consumer into going back to Japadog to buy more of the Japanese hotdogs. The consumer who does not derive any pleasure by eating the Japanese hotdogs will not go back again to buy them. Pleasure and euphoria greatly determine the liking of a product. In addition, they are greatly interlinked with the other psychological factor: sati sfaction. When one is happy or derives pleasure in something, they will most likely be psychologically content. Therefore, the psychological satisfaction that one derives upon eating the Japanese hotdogs prompts them to go back to the stand again and again. The converse is also true. A consumer will buy a hotdog out of a need, and the feelings will come into play. These feelings are mainly governed by one’s beliefs and attitudes. One’s beliefs and attitudes towards Japadog will influence the consumer to buy or not buy these Japanese hotdogs. Social Cultural Class One’s social cadre in society greatly influences their purchasing power. The middle and high class people are likely to buy less affordable delicacies such as hotdogs irrespective of the condiments compared with the low class people. The British Columbia statistics show that more people lack jobs hence, more people lack the purchasing power. This being the case, it means less business for Japadog. Buyer Culture The buyer culture greatly influences the purchasing power of the consumers. In Vancouver for example, there is a positive attitude towards other cultures therefore the buyer culture here is very open-minded. Such a culture has a positive influence on consumer behaviour because buyers are not restricted from buying from certain vendors. Buyer cultures which are confined to their own culture will not likely buy from other cultures. This is the case with organizational culture. In an organization that mainly orders Japadog’s hotdogs as their snack meals, new employees will be influenced to eat from Japadog. This has a positive influence on Japadog since more customers means a larger market base. Networking and Peer Influence When a peer or some other person starts talking of how the Japanese hotdogs are tasty, the people listening to this may tend to try these hotdogs out. Some consumers greatly rely on what their friends tell them about a particular product. In additio n, when people are in a crowd they tend to influence one another to buy a particular product. A large crowd means more business compared with a small crowd. Situational When one is in a certain place and they are really hungry, they will go to the nearest food vendor. It also happens when people are in a certain social place since they have to buy from the food vendor who is right next to them. Another situational factor is when one is going about their business and the sweet aroma of a food really catches their attention, regardless of whether they are hungry or not. If they were just passing and there were no sweet aroma, then their interest would not be piqued and they would not have to buy the food delicacy. Also, large queues influence consumer behaviour. This is because long queues are associated with popularity thus when a certain shop is crowded, the notion created is that it has the best products or offers affordable services. Therefore, a person will choose to make a queue compared with buying from a shop with less customers crowding around it. The effect derived from these situational factors is positive but minimal. References BritishColumbia. (2011). Economic Indicators. Web. Vancouver Economic Development Commission. (2009). Downtown Vancouver (DVBIA): Neighbourhood profile. Web. Vancouver Food Policy Council. (2007). Vancouver food charter: context and background. Web. This research paper on Japadog national store was written and submitted by user Daisy Doyle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Industrialization in France - 1800s essays

Industrialization in France - 1800s essays There have been many struggles amongst the different social classes in France that lead to reforms of all different sorts. Social movements, such as industrialization, were the cause of many reforms. Industrialization influenced the lifestyles of the lower and mid classes in nineteenth century France, but succeeded in maintaining a separate class distinction. Both proletariat and bourgeoisie classes had to focus on the changing economy and social thought due to industrialization. With the proletariats being the lower class, there was a constant struggle to produce a sense of equality throughout industrialization and the constant reinforcement to keep the capitalist idea that the bourgeoisie maintained. The idea that the lower class of society should be equal with the higher classes is not a new philosophy. As mentioned in the Human Rights documents, the Third Estate was the lowest class that had no rights in France during the 1700s. When the nobility hierarchy was abolished and the terror that rang out in the streets of France was quieted; a new kind of modern Third Estate came to be. Proletariats were a class that emerged as industrialization started to occur. The proletariat came into being as a result of the introduction of the machines which have been invented since the middle of the last century and the most important of which are: the steam-engine, the spinning machine, and the power loom (Manifesto 100). This quote reaches farther to mention that those who controlled industry could afford the machines needed to mass-produce goods. Unskilled laborers were hired to work long hours and perform all different types of hard labor that was required. These laborers were part of t he proletariat class. By working for insufficient wages and harsh conditions, this created a sense of tension between the laborers and owners of the industries. This tension would be difficult to solve due to the fact that it ...

10 Steps for Editing Your Own Writing

10 Steps for Editing Your Own Writing 10 Steps for Editing Your Own Writing 10 Steps for Editing Your Own Writing By Mark Nichol You’ve done it. You’ve finally, triumphantly, typed out â€Å"The End.† Congratulations! Now comes the hard part: revision. Revising is often more laborious than the writing process itself, but it’s essential assuming, that is, that you want your writing to get published. Whether you write nonfiction, fiction, or poetry, you must evaluate your own writing and transform it from something that is complete but nothing more to something that is completely compelling. The process will involve multiple task-specific passes (not necessarily in the order presented) intended to achieve various goals. Let’s get you started: 1. Wait Oops hold on. Not yet. You deserve a break. Step away from the computer. Give yourself a few days to let your win sink in. Pursue another writing project, perhaps, or catch up on the rest of your life, before circling back and manipulating your manuscript. One exception: If you have not written a synopsis or an abstract, do it now, before you revise your work. If, after reading the manuscript, you realize that you didn’t write out what you set out to write, decide whether the precis is precisely what you wanted, or whether the finished product is the real deal. 2. Hands Off Read the entire manuscript without changing anything or, at the most, make notes about major fixes or other key corrections for later attention. Shift from your writer mode to your reader setting. Remember, you tackled this writing project because nobody else would (or you thought you could do it better, or at least differently), so now it’s time to read it from cover page to conclusion (because you followed my advice from a previous post to not do that until you were finished, right?). Some people recommend printing your piece out in hard copy because they claim that you notice the details more when you read your work in print, but that’s impractical for a 100,000-word novel, and some people are more comfortable with on-screen reading than others, so take or leave that advice. 3. Parts of Speech Focus, one type at a time, on the parts of speech: Notice nouns, and choose more precise terms and employ elegant variation. Is one of your characters a pirate? Refer to them as a corsair, a buccaneer, or an adventurer now and then. Use a dictionary with synonyms listed, or a thesaurus or a synonym finder. Veer from your verbs, finding opportunities to use more vivid, compelling action words. Resist the urge to go overboard, especially with variations of â€Å"he said† (which you should minimize in dialogue as much as possible anyway by using narrative to identify the speaker), but don’t let your characters get away with walking have them stroll, strut, stalk, amble, caper, or mince instead. Search for forms of â€Å"to be† (is, are, was, were) and strive for more active sentence construction: â€Å"She looked in and saw that he was idly handling the device† becomes â€Å"She peered in to find him fiddling with the gadget.† Attack adjectives and adverbs. Don’t omit them without justification, but do make sure they’re not a crutch for your unwillingness to enhance descriptive language in other ways. Instead of referring to a hazy sky, describe how it reminds the character of when she used to play around the house as a child wearing a veil. Rather than mentioning a slowly flowing river as such, tell the reader about how it doesn’t seem in a particular hurry to get anywhere. Are you sure you know the precise meaning of every word you use? As you read, be alert for terms whether newly acquired or long since adopted that may not express what you think they do, and look them up to confirm or deny your suspicion. 4. Sentence Structure Are your sentences particularly complicated and convoluted, or notably short and stubby? Don’t strive for a strictly limited word range, but minimize outliers: Sentences with a word count you can tabulate on the fingers of one hand should have a punctuating purpose. Sentences that last an entire paragraph need to be snipped into palatable pieces. Are your sentences generally active? Passive sentences are used by great writers, but you and they both know that too many sentences structured that way produce an enervating effect. Also, parenthetical phrases are better inserted mid-sentence than tacked on at the end; save the last position for the impact. The same goes for paragraphs which, by the way, should be cloven in two if they’re more than ten or twelve lines in a Word document half of that for Web-bound words. And unless you’re consciously incorporating iambic pentameter, beware of sentence rhythms that may subconsciously sap readers’ energy. Too much alliteration (guilty) or assonance can weary the most dedicated reader. You’re writing prose or poetry, not constructing an obstacle or dog-agility course. 5. Deemphasize Emphasis Do you use â€Å"scare quotes†? Frighten them away. Italics? Too many are an eyesore and weaken the cumulative impact. Exclamation points? Omit unless OMGs are also part of the package an exclamation point can be a crutch that takes the place of high-impact prose. 6. Tone and Voice Eloquent literature has been laden with slang, and serious nonfiction writing can be laced with humor. But honestly appraise your writing for its personality. If you’re writing a how-to, you can be conversational, but don’t throw away your authority with your austerity. If you’re writing period fiction, be alert for anachronisms. Do a word check. Are you concerned that perhaps you use a particular word too often? Do a search, and if you find it liberally sprinkled throughout your manuscript, cull it so that it appears with reasonable frequency. 7. Reconstruction You may find as you read for some other purpose that a major structural flaw exists: In fiction, you may decide to add an adventure or subtract a subplot or alter the sequence of plot elements or at least the order in which they appear if you shift from one plot thread to one or more others. Your nonfiction piece may cry out for a major reorganization. You might decide to insert instructions or develop details, or discard a digression. Don’t hesitate to undertake significant revisions like these. Yes, you’ve spent a lot of time getting your manuscript to where it is now, but that doesn’t mean it’s where it should be. Go with your instincts. 8. Keywords Now is the time you really search inside yourself about whether your hero’s name really fits them, or whether they kick back with one too many sidekicks or could really use a new nemesis. Or maybe a place name seems out of place, or the term for a talisman is too tortuous. Are your chapter titles or subheadings really working for you, or are you trying too hard to line them up with some grammatical gimmick? 9. Recite Makes Right Just when you think you’ve finally nailed it, read it one more time aloud. A recitation lets you listen to the rhythm of your writing and catch any clunky or laboriously long sentences you missed or words you omitted. 10. Editor’s Notes Now, it’s time to send your manuscript out into the world, but unless you’re self-publishing in print or online, an editor is in its future and, likely, so is a revision on your part based on the editor’s comments. But you’re also likely to get focused requests for rewrites, so though you may feel by now that you never want to read it again, take heart that you have some direction. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesRound vs. Around20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Business Consulting Firm hired to decide if a 35 employee electrical Research Paper

Business Consulting Firm hired to decide if a 35 employee electrical construction and service company should outsource its past - Research Paper Example This study intends to consider the extent of advantages attributed to outsourcing of services of account receivables and the necessity of maintain good customer relations. This study reveals that company’s biggest challenge is to collect the funds from its numerous clients. It is imperative to note that, some of the impediments promoting this situation include lack of strong internal controls guiding financial matters. For instance, the company lacks internal controls guiding billing and collection efforts (Sirota, James & Tantor media, 2008). The departments intended to ensure that, due diligence in collection efforts has been exercised seem to be inexistent. It is significant to note that, due diligence is satisfied when the client’s statements or invoices are mailed monthly or at the agreed payment period. The clients should be billed shortly before the end of the current service delivery period, such that the client can make prior arrangements for payment. In additi on, exceptional reminders or collection mails for the past due accounts should be sent to clients. However, provisions should provide that discontinuing of services for delinquent clients be implemented after certain duration. This study reveals that, the company has lost a lot of money through non-payment by clients due to poor collection methods attributed to the limited number of employees. An apt internal control for collection of debts and monitoring accounts receivable is fundamental in any firm because it helps solve current business problems and helps prevent fraud from occurring. More over, it creates confidence on the public and other investors and strong controls. These aspects ensure transparency, accountability and enhance a vivid flow of funds collected from the clients (Sirota, 2008). This situation leads to the investigation of the advantages attributed to the outsourcing services. Essentially, outsourcing refers to the act of contracting out a business process or fu nction, which the organization may have performed internally and due to inefficiency or expansion of a business, it opts to subcontract it to an external company. It s noteworthy that, outsourcing is a common feature of modern economy (Sirota, 2008). The outsourcing deal may include transfer of employees and assets involved in the outsourcing partner. The company in this context will find numerous advantages in outsourcing its account receivable process alongside keeping good relations with its clientele. It is essential to note that, the outsourcing partner will embark on tracking of clients who do not pay the service dues. The advantages attributed to the outsourcing company include Facilitating more focus on core activities In a rapid growth periods, the back office operations of a company are likely to expand. This development may begin to guzzle both human and financial resources at the cost of the core deeds of the company’s success (Sirota, 2008). Outsourcing these ope rations will permit refocusing on the core actions of the business without sacrificing quality or service in the back office. This may include company marketing, opening of new branches employee motivation and empowerment. Reduced overhead Essentially, overhead costs of performing back office functions are extremely high. For instance, the expense incurred in collecting debts from numerous clients is considerably high, and it might affect the smooth running of the firm (Newell, 2010). Outsourcing enables a firm to perform the outsourced function in at

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their Term Paper - 1

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity - Term Paper Example Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity It applies quality techniques that transform an institution to a source of income position as stated in the porters five forces model. Innovation improves a brand through the development of quality products that serve consumer needs effectively. It is achievable through research activities, hiring qualified and creative staff with excellent intellectual capacity and heavy investment. Managers in Samsung and Apple corporations recognize that innovation and creativity are crucial in the current competitive world. It is necessary to use innovation to enhance administration, product development and formulation of credible solutions that address consumer needs (Fernando, Rene & Ileana 27). Innovation also sets the stage for effective administration and formulation of communication systems. It is necessary to explore innovation as a performance measure while focusing on Samsung and Apple because they are big electronic producing corporations. Comparative Study of Companies based on the Inn ovative Background and Product Overview Apple and Samsung are high-ranking organizations with a global network. The corporations produce quality electronic products that match consumer desires and specifications. This is achievable through the innovative processes within their production systems. This has enabled them to produce quality and efficient electronic products, for example, TVs, phones, computers and operating soft wares that match consumer expectations (Horibe 20). The corporations also produce innovative items with modern features, for example, smart phones, IPods, LCD screens and flat screen TVs. Following their inception, Apple and Samsung have refocused their synergies into improving their innovative potentials (Gaynor 2). They conduct research studies on consumer needs and respond to existing items. The organizations are strengthening their production chain through adoption of lean concepts. Additionally, the organization is adopting measures that streamline the valu e chain within the production sequence. This is with the intention of achieving quality at every level of operation. This enables them maximize their potentials and bridge the performance gap that may compromise their ability to realize of objectives (Gaynor 5). Apple Company became operational in 1976. It manufactures and supplies consumer electronic designs that include computer software’s and personal PCs. Subsequently, the company has revolutionized its product portfolio and quality through creative processes that have enhanced performance. It has new products in the market that explains the effectiveness of its innovative practices (Cobbenhagen 49). It has developed viable distribution techniques and improved its quality standards and product specification designs. This has made the company produce new products, for example, Macintosh PCs, computer software’s and iPod phones. These items are portable and efficient enabling users to use them appropriately. Samsung Corporation is a big institution that produces quality electronic. It has strong operating units that distribute items to consumers in real time. The products contribute immensely to the growth of individuals socially and economically (Cardoso, Rene, & Ileana 26). This has seen the corporation record excellent performance over the years Innovation has enabled the companies to meet the operating threshold as

Low Fat Cheese Market - Global Industry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Low Fat Cheese Market Global Industry Analysis Essay Low fat cheese contains lesser amount of saturated fat and reduces the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which is responsible for an increase in the risk of heart disease. Normal cheese has 30-40% saturated fat whereas low fat cheese, produced from skimmed milk contains 7-15% saturated fat. Commonly available cheeses such as cheddars, mozzarella, provolone and others, depending on the process and the country where they are produced, are easily available in the market today. Low fat cheese is also available in various forms as a healthy alternative to regular cheese. Low fat cheese has almost all the applications that normal cheese has. Some of the products where low fat cheese is used are pizzas, sandwiches, hotdogs, and salads. The geographical market segments are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). Highest cheese consumption is seen in Europe while North America’s consumption is comparatively less. One of the key drivers for the growth in the demand for low fat cheese is the growing health consciousness among the people. Normal cheese is said to have higher amounts of fat as well as sodium. Moreover, much attention is given to the diet of children keeping in mind the adverse affects of cheese on the body in the long run. Also, cheese is a part of the culture in many countries, where it is consumed on a daily basis. One of the restraints to the low fat cheese market is its taste after the reduction of fat and sodium as the flavor of cheese depends on these two components. Some types of cheese like mozzarella, cottage cheese (paneer), and Swiss cheese have low salt and fat content naturally, compared to other cheese that contain artificially reduced salts. The major players in the market are now focusing on reducing fat and salts from cheese such as in American cheese which has a high amount of these components. Some of the major producers of low fat cheese are the Lactalis Group, Kraft Foods Group Inc., Fromageries Bel S.A., Bongrain S.A., Arla Foods and others. This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis. This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth It provides a technological growth map over time to understand the industry growth rate It provides a seven-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments It provides distinctive graphics and exemplified SWOT analysis of major market segments About us Transparency Market Research (TMR) is a market intelligence company providing global business research reports and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision-makers. TMR’s experienced team of analysts, researchers, and consultants use proprietary data sources along with various tools and techniques to gather and analyze Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects the latest trends and information Our Approach †¢ Our research reports cover global markets, present analysis and forecast for a period of five years. Respondents are led through a questionnaire to gather quantitative and qualitative inputs on their operations, performance, strategies and views on the overall market, including key developments and technology trends.

Camille Paglias Rape and the Modern Sex War Essay -- essays research

Camille Paglia's Rape and the Modern Sex War Camille Paglia writes the article, Rape and the Modern Sex War, which is about young women being vulnerable in today’s society against rape and how feminism has mistakenly led women to believe that they aren’t in any danger. Paglia states her opinion to women because she believes â€Å"that women are vulnerable and should be aware of the pervasiveness of rape† (83) all the time. Rape has been around for hundreds of years and the effects it has on women are life long terrifying memories. Paglia speaks to women saying that they should be ready for these situations and not be with a group of guys alone, always be with other girlfriends, and learn to take feminism out of the picture and realize that women will always be in danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Paglia’s article, which I believe is a critical opinion informing women of her beliefs on sexuality, speaks mostly to college women and women in general because she believes that women should be prepared for sexual situations without consent in all circumstances no matter who they are. This is her first step in arguing her point of view on feminism, which I agree with. She wants her audience to see her point that a woman’s actions can also be held accountable in some rape situations. When a woman is by herself with a group of men getting drunk, she has put her own self in a very risky situation because she is drunk and has no control of herself and the likeliness of rape is very possible. Paglia believes that a woman should always have control of her actions all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2 the time and not to blame men for it is biologically programmed in their heads that they hunt, pursue, and capture, and this is said throughout their sex history (83-84).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part of Paglia’s argument is how she thinks misinterpretations are the women’s fault and I disagree with this point because women can walk and talk just as men and are not always to blame for being the victim. Paglia believes that feminism doesn’t see that sexual desires can be seen in how we act which means that these desires throughout our body cannot always be verbally said and this is where the miscommunication between the two sexes causes a problem. She thinks that when a woman makes a mistake she should face t... ... an attitude,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 which is firm and not a self - pitying one, which many feminist women possess, Paglia states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paglia didn’t use any key terms or metaphors in her article, but she uses the word feminism many times showing that men and women have equal rights, but in truth this is not correct. Men and women have some equal rights, but women are looked on as a lower standard when compared to men, and I believe this will never change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paglia uses different examples throughout the story and puts her thoughts into an informative essay that explains that women should be aware of what they do and learn from their mistakes regarding opposite sexual tensions and that actions aren’t always spoken but are acted sometimes because of her belief that there is that implanted part of a man which can be dangerous, which Paglia thinks is just part of a man’s identity. When a woman realizes the subject of rape and feminism is not thought of, two identities can be identified and with self control and awareness both a man and a woman can have a relationship in which each partner takes full responsibility of his or her actions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The Assessment Process Essay

Introduction The assisting procedure is a manner for human service professionals to assist those in demand. During the assisting procedure a human service professional is to give their support to clients and to assist the client achieve their ends. and with the aid of the human service professional they can assist the client to develop and turn more efficaciously in their lives. The Assessment Process Assessment is an on-going procedure that happens within all client contracts to assist derive and understand the strengths and demands of the client and the whole household. When utilizing appraisal it is to garner the needed information that will fit the client with suited services. During the assessment procedure. the human service assistant establishes who the client is. this is when a working relationship is formed and this is besides when all required consumption signifiers are filled out such as: Insurance Information. Sketching the intent and services of the bureau. Assurances of Confidentiality. Obtaining information releases ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the assisting stage following is the planning procedure. it helps to set up services. This is when persons are accepted into the bureau for services and they have met the eligibility standards and is now a client of the bureau ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . The planning procedure this is when the human service assistant and the client focuses on developing a service program and service bringing. During the planning procedure. helps to give the helper an apprehension of what services might be needed. The following procedure is the execution procedure. which is when the service program is carried out and evaluated. This procedure happens when the assistant provides services THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 3 and is measuring the quality of services. The assistant oversees who is supplying services. how to supervise execution. how to work with other professionals and how to measure the services. During the assisting procedure. the assistant is required to make a instance reappraisal. write studies. and certification of all instances. Case reappraisal can happen during the hebdomadal meetings between the assistant and client and between the assistant and the supervisor. Case reappraisals are common during an appraisal. and instance reappraisals are a portion of the organisation and it helps to guarantee effectual service bringing to clients. Write studies are a manner for the assistant to maintain path of the services the client receives. and written studies paths information such as: appraisals. planning. and execution. rating and the expiration of the instance ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . Documentation is ever used. because it paperss the services of the bureau. length of plans. and provides. The helper’s duty is to document all information accurately and in a timely mode. During the assisting procedure the client’s engagement is besides of import. because the assistant establishes the client’s ends. intent. and functions ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2013 ) . Strength-based-approaches are used in each assisting procedure. In the appraisal procedure. the strength-based attack is focused on the positive features. abilities. and the experiences of the client. The strength-based attack in the appraisal procedure. is to garner information about the client’s demands and research resources. The assistant is more focussed on how to assist the client to be more successful ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the planning procedure. the strength-based attack is to understand the strength of the client for a more positive planning. The client-helper relationship gets stronger for a positive assisting procedure ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . Part of the strength-based attack in the planning procedure. the client’s engagement is based on a short/long term ends that is good matched with the client’s values and strengths ( McClam & A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 4Ã ¾ execution procedure. the strength-based attack is surrounded by the client’s strengths. The helper attending is to the client in which the assistant emphasizes the values of self- finding and duties of the client. Ethical considerations is the codification of moralss that is really of import in the assisting procedure. Ethical consideration illustrates the client’s right to self-government. to make injury. advance fairness and equal entree to service. be responsible to clients. and be honest. Ethical considerations which is govern by the codifications of moralss. which is a guideline for pattern. The assistant is to maintain clients information confidential. THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 5 Conclusion The assisting procedure is really of import. it is to assist clients in puting ends and being successful in life. The assistant is to supply the client with the necessary resources. while maintaining the client information confidential at all times in the assisting procedure. THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 6 Reference McClam. T. . & A ; Woodside. M. ( 2012 ) . The Helping Procedure: Appraisal to Termination. Belmont. Calcium: Brooks/Cole.

The traditional British seaside resort is in the danger of extinction

What do I think of as the traditional British seaside resort? Crowded beaches, with screaming children, buckets and spades, candy floss and donkey rides. A holiday by the sea has been a traditional break from the bustling city life since the 1840's, before which it was exclusive to the middle and upper classes. People could escape from their working lives- to experience the fresh air and relaxed atmosphere in places such as Bournemouth and Brighton. Blackpool also was a definite traditional seaside resort. After the railway arrived in 1846, Blackpool became an easily accessible destination only an hour or so from the smoggy cities such as Manchester and Bolton. With the arrival of cars and coaches Blackpool became even more thriving; by 1980 it was attracting over a million visitors every year. The 11km of white sandy beach was one attraction along with the famous tower, the pleasure beach and the piers. Another resort which shared this huge popularity, even with the royals, was Southend on Sea. From the 1800's onwards it was a popular destination for the tourists, with the beach, the amusement arcades and the longest pleasure pier in the world. It's within close proximity to London, and with the railway being built in 1854 it became even more accessible, throughout the 20th centaury its popularity continued with working and middle class day trippers and in the 1960's and 1970's the bank holiday invasions began. However these two resorts, along with many others have been hit by decline over the last few decades. They have been overtaken by tourists moving further from home. Cheap package holidays to destinations in the sun have proved too much of a temptation and today as many Britons take their main holiday abroad as do within Britain. The general public are choosing more adventurous holidays, further a field, they are much more aware of the possibilities they have through advertising and travel agencies. Also today's wealthier population have taken to spending their money to pamper themselves, which so often involves lounging in the guaranteed sunshine of the Mediterranean or some other foreign destination. The number of visitors spending time and money at Blackpool has fallen dramatically over the last 30 years. Families have stopped visiting and the tourists are falling into the ranks of â€Å"clubbers† and old age pensioners. The clubbers are bringing with them disruption, noise, violence, drugs and a general feeling of unrest and disturbance, this in turn is deterring the old age pensioners visiting, who are trying to find some peace and quiet and enjoy romantic strolls along the shore. This has caused the halt of the cash flowing into the area, so hotels are downgrading to hostels and restaurants are being replaced with fast-food joints. The beach has become littered and not desirable for children to play on. The social status of Southend on Sea has plummeted noticeably through the ages; the once fashionable resort has changed to the tacky stereotypical seaside resort. With the influx of Mods and Rockers â€Å"coming off the trains and having to have their shoe laces and belts confiscated by the police to restrict the violence†. Since the decline of the resort it has also become the â€Å"dumping ground† for refugees. Southend has an estimate of 6-7000 Kosovan refugees and 3-4000 Londoners sent down by social services. The reputation of the refugees has led to a further decline and an even more dramatic drop in visitors. The only visitors it now receives are the occasional day trippers- conceding to only do day trips as they don't like â€Å"the sound of the place at night†. However, the seaside resort is not in total decline, over the last few years the government has made a stand and the regeneration process is underway in many areas. They are attempting to bring the resorts back onto their feet. â€Å"We have turned our backs on our heritage in a lot of these places, and many fell into decay. But now, people are rediscovering the rich history associated with the seaside holiday resorts† (Steve Hayler, of Canterbury Church university college) Local towns, local councils and businesses are cleaning up beaches, improving facilities and rejuvenating traditional attractions. This year a record number of the UK's beaches were awarded the â€Å"blue flag† for meeting exacting standards of cleanliness and management demanded by the European clean-up scheme. 7 beaches made the grade, compared to 41 last year. Hopefully this is attracting people back to the beaches. Some areas are taking more drastic measures e. g. Newquay and Bournemouth with the prospect of building an artificial reef that would guarantee bigger waves. This would boost the already booming trend of surfers flocking to the beaches to catch the waves. This year an expected 100,000 are expected to turn up at the annual â€Å"Rip Curl Newquay Boardmasters festival†. Blackpool is considering a complete change in image. To transform the Lancashire town into a British version of Las Vegas. â€Å"We see huge opportunity; we want to see a year-round resort with year-round jobs that can be the centre of a larger regenerated Blackpool† (Alan Cazill the economic development officer at Blackpool Council). However some resorts are taking the more conventional route, just trying to improve on what they've got. For example Brighton's west pier ravaged by fire, was for decades a ghostly remnant of the past slowly falling into the sea. As part of the refurbishment, the underwater supports have been shored up and the decaying pier is floodlit at night. True the â€Å"Traditional† British seaside resort may be in danger of extinction, but in no way is the new and different seaside resort dying out its only just getting started. Despite the lure of foreign climate and the growth of cheap package holidays, this year for the first time in long time Britons are choosing once more for the pebbly shores close to home. The number of people heading for the seaside for four nights or more- 30 million a year- is the same as in 1965. Some 110 million day-trippers also make for the coast each year. In conclusion: has the British seaside resort come to the end of the line? Do people only want the guaranteed sun found in Europe and other countries? Or do people look for more in a beach holiday. Seaside may never return to how they were, but that does not mean they will die out, they may return in a brand new regenerated new fashion.

Marketing mix Essays

Marketing mix Essays Marketing mix Essay Marketing mix Essay Essay Topic: Marketing In this assignment I will go through how marketing mix is applied to service or a product for two organisations called KFC and Mc Donalds. I will choose a product from each of these businesses and the talk about the product, price, promotion and place. Marketing mix Marketing mix consists of 4ps. These are product, price place and promotion all offered by an organisation to potential customers. The marketing mix is a set of tools that work to achieve companys objectives. Price The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The price is determined by a numbers of aspects, which are material costs, market share, product identity and the customers thought of the product price. Price is determined by what customers notice about the price of the product. Researching about pricing is important because it indicates what customers are looking for as well as what they want to pay. For example Gillette the manufacturer of razors, deodorant and shaving foams seeks to provide the worlds market with products that have affordable prices and targets a particular market segments. Such as young adults who wish to buy low priced razors and deodorant. Product products must meet customer requirements whatever these might be. For many products is simple the physical item that customers of businesses might be buying or selling. For example a customer buys a new BMW 6 series, thats the product. Place Place is also known as distribution. It is the system through which products or services are moved from the manufacturer or service provider to the consumer. Different organisations use different approaches to reaching their consumers. For example, McDonalds uses a franchising system which allows the company to operate in many different geographical locations. Promotion Promotions persuades customers to buy their products or offers though communication Promotions has 4 key elements, these are advertising, public relations, word of mouth and point of sale. AN example can be that KFC advertising its new product, the zinger burger on posters with eye catching words will attract young customers. History of McDonalds Siblings Dick and Mac McDonalds opened their first restaurant in San Bernardino, California. The principle of modern fast food restaurant called speedee service system was introduced by them. The original mascot of McDonalds was a man with a chefs hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was speedee. In 1963 speedee was replaced by Ronald McDonald. McDonalds serves nearly 48 million customers every day prompting it to become the worlds largest fast food restaurant. Desserts, hamburgers, fries, soft drinks, milkshakes and breakfast food are the primary products that are sold in McDonalds. McDonalds has recently included salad and fruits to its menu as well as a playground for children. Some McDonalds even have a fire place and lounge areas removing plastic chairs and tables. McDonalds is a franchise so each McDonalds is run by a franchisee. The companys revenue comes from the rent, loyalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company operated restaurants. Types of product at McDonalds McDonalds sells primarily beef related fast food products such as cheese burgers, ham burgers, quarter pounder and their signature product the Big Mac. But now due to customer trends changing they have now included salads in their menu as well as different types of food such as oriental snack wraps and egg sausage burgers. McDonalds also sells ice cream which is often called McFlurry. All of McDonalds food is relatively cheap and is aimed at different types of people, young and old. Product McDonalds sells several many fast food products, the products I have chosen is cheese burger. The retail price of the product is 99p. The packaging is foam, plastic shaped as a box which can be opened, but now McDonalds have changed the packaging into yellow paper for some stores. This is because the packaging was causing pollution and wasting a lot of resources. McDonalds continues to design more efficient packaging and by promoting the use of recycle content material. The beef of the burger is not made on site but is delivered to the restaurant. The burger contains 100% pure beef with a single pickle, rehydrated onions, on a toasted bun. McDonalds beef is bought from farms accredited by nationally recognised farm assurance schemes. McDonalds can trace which farms the beef came from, and know the farmers name and how the animals were raised. At the supplier the meat is checked for a date and batch number. The quality of the meat is checked by the staff to ensure that it is at top quality. If the quality is bad then they wont use it. The cheese burger is aimed mostly at young adults and teenagers. McDonalds has a drive through service. People often with cars in the drive through service will receive their meals quickly than those waiting at the queue in the restaurant. Price The retail price of a cheese burger is 99p. The price has been set to make customers believe they are actually saving money but they are only saving 1pence. Psychological pricing is used to play on customers views. This is very effective as the consumer is tricked into thinking that the burger is cheaper than 1 pound. Then comes the cost- plus pricing, this is when you calculate the average cost plus a mark up to see if they made any money on top. The price of the product does change. Cheese burger price may increase if the costs of dairy products and beef rise. So some stores will need to raise the price of the cheese burger and other products to counter financial loss. Other businesses competing with McDonalds will have a difficult time competing with McDonalds, especially private businesses. A cheese burger in high street fast food restaurant like PFC (perfect fried chicken) will sell cheese burger at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.10 or more. Customers will go to McDonalds rather than these shops because they will be saving money in McDonalds. Place McDonalds are located primarily in public places where there are a lot of busy roads and people shopping for example Oxford Street. Oxford Street is a location in west London where many people go and spend hours buying clothes and food. This kind of location will increase the demand of their products and services because many customers will be coming in the restaurant to place an order. A busy place will always increase sales. McDonalds is also located in most shopping centres in the UK. McDonalds have relatively few sites on the motorway due to less demand of customers. These McDonald restaurants will often have a drive though service so customers can buy their products quickly. Promotion Some McDonalds restaurants do 3 cheeseburger for the price of 2. So customers will pay less. McDonalds also promote their business and products such as their cheeseburger offers through billboards, TV and internet. By doing this, McDonalds will attract as much customers as they can. McDonalds also accepts vouchers, such as buy one cheeseburger and get one free. Almost all restaurants accept these vouchers but when the vouchers expire it cannot be used anymore. History of KFC Colonel Harland Sander bought a motel and cafe in Corbin, Kentucky in the 1930s. Colonel sanders had done several jobs such as railroading and operating a steam powered ferryboat but he always loved cooking. There was nothing special about fried chicken, Colonel found a way to combine 11 herbs and spices with flour to create a finger licking good coating. The dining area in Corbin was named Sanders and cafe and was so successful that Ruby Laffon governor of Kentucky gave the title of honorary Kentucky colonel to sanders in recognition of his contribution to the states cuisine. At a time when most businesses were getting bankrupt and struggling Colonels business and reputation increased. But he was forced to sell his restaurant when a new interstate Highway was built through his property. Colonel Sanders at the age of 66 travelled the US with his new plan of created a franchise. Small and independent restaurants were taught by Colonel to cook Kentucky Fried Chicken and his values. He took 5 cent royalty on every chicken sold With most of his deals sealed with only a handshake, there were 838 Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises across the United States by 1964. The Colonel was now in his 70s and Kentucky Fried Chicken had grown larger than he could realistically handle, so he sold the operation to businessmen John Y Brown Jnr and Jack Massey for $2 million. But there were strict conditions: Colonel Sanders became Quality Controller and his image stayed on as the company trademark. Colonel Harland D Sanders was 90 years old when he died in December 1980. His philosophies and values of hard work and excellent customer service are, and will always be a part of KFC. KFC is currently owned by YUM brands which are the worlds largest fast food restaurant company in terms of system units, over 36,000 restaurants around the world in more than 110 countries and territories. Types of products at KFC KFC sells mostly chicken products these are chicken fillet burger, chicken zinger burger, chicken tower burger, zinger tower burger, and mini fillet burger, kids burger, toasted chicken twister wrap, chicken wings, chicken nuggets, popcorn chicken and also sells salads for healthy options. KFC desserts are Avalanche, yoghurt and Rolo ice cream tub. Product The product I have chosen is chicken fillet burger. The retail price of the product is 1.99p. KFC uses paper packaging which helps the chicken crispy by wicking away excess moisture. The paper package is red with KFC logo in the middle. The chicken of the burger is not made on site but is delivered to the restaurant. 100% chicken breast fillet coated in KFCs secret blend of 11 herbs and spices. KFC checks its suppliers to see if they are using any extra ingredients like antibiotic growth promoters to the chickens. Rearing conditions are also strictly regulated to ensure animal welfare. Welfare and bio security audits are carried out by independent experts. KFC chooses he best quality chicken from its suppliers. Price The retail price of a chicken fillet burger is 1.99p. The price has been set to make customers believe they are actually saving money but they are only saving 1pence. Psychological pricing is used to play on customers views. This is very effective as the consumer is tricked into thinking that the burger is cheaper than 1 pound. Then comes the cost- plus pricing, this is when you calculate the average cost plus a mark up to see if they made any money on top. Place KFC are located mostly in public places where there are a lot o busy roads and people shopping for example Oxford Street or Bethnal green. Street is a location in west London where many people go and spend hours buying clothes and food. This kind of location will increase the demand of their products and services because many customers will be coming in the restaurant to place an order. A busy place will always increase sales. KFC have quite a lot of sites on the motorway due to KFC being popular with drivers. These KFC restaurants will often have a drive though service so customers can buy their products quickly. Promotion KFC has free chicken wings promotion for its UK stores. KFC also promotes there business and products such as their chicken zinger burger one the signature dish of the company in bill boards, TV and internet. By doing this KF will attract many customers as they can. KFC also accepts vouchers, such as free Ice cream.

Cadency, Marshalling, Arms for Women

Cadency, Marshalling, Arms for Women While the use of distinguishing symbols have been adopted by the worlds tribes and nations stretching back into ancient history, heraldry as we now define it first became established in Europe following the Norman Conquest of Britain in 1066, rapidly gaining in popularity during the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century. More properly referred to as armory, heraldry is a system of identification that uses hereditary personal devices portrayed on shields and later as crests, on surcoats (worn over armor), bardings (armor and trappings for horses), and banners (personal flags used throughout the middle ages), to assist in the identification of knights in battle and in tournaments. These distinctive devices, marks, and colors, most commonly referred to as coats of arms for the display of arms on surcoats, were first adopted by the greater nobility. By the mid-13th century, however, coats of arms were also in extensive use by lesser nobility, knights, and those who later came to be known as gentlemen. Inheritance of Coats of Arms By custom during the middle ages, and later by law through granting authorities, an individual coat of arms belonged to one man only, being passed from him to his male-line descendants. There is, therefore, no such thing as a coat of arms for a surname. Basically, it is one man, one arm, a reminder of the origin of heraldry as a means of instant recognition in the thick of battle. Because of this descent of coats of arms through families, heraldry is very important to genealogists, providing evidence of family relationships. Of special significance: Cadency - The sons in each generation inherit the paternal shield, but alter it slightly in a tradition known as cadency with the addition of some mark which, in theory at least, is perpetuated in their branch of the family. The eldest son also follows this tradition but reverts back to the paternal coat of arms upon the death of his father.Marshaling - When families were merged through marriage it was common practice to also merge or combine their respective coat of arms. This practice, known as marshaling, is the art of arranging several coats of arms in one shield, for the purpose of denoting the alliances of a family. Several common methods include impaling, placing the arms of the husband and wife side by side on the shield; escutcheon of pretense, placing the arms of the wifes father on a small shield in the center of the husbands shield; and quartering, commonly used by children to display the arms of their parents, with the fathers arms in the first and fourth quarters, and t heir mothers in the second and third. ​Bearing of Arms by Women - Women have always been able to inherit arms from their fathers and to receive grants of coats of arms. They can only pass these inherited arms on to their children if they have no brothers, however - making them heraldic heiresses. Since a woman usually did not wear armor in the Middle Ages, it became a convention to display the coat of arms of her father in a lozenge (diamond) shaped field, rather than a shield, if widowed or unmarried. When married, a woman could bear the shield of her husband upon which her arms are marshaled. Granting of Coats of Arms Coats of arms are granted by the Kings of Arms in England and the six counties of Northern Ireland, the Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms in Scotland, and the Chief Herald of Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. The College of Arms holds the official register of all coats of arms or heraldry in England and Wales. Other countries, including the United States, Australia, and Sweden, also maintain records of or allow people to register coats of arms, though no official restrictions or laws are imposed on the bearing of arms. The traditional method of displaying a coat of arms is called an achievement of arms and consists of six basic parts: The Shield The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms is known as the shield. This comes from the fact that in medieval times the shield borne on the arm of a knight was ornamented with various devices in order to identify him to his friends in the midst of battle. Also known as a heater, the shield displays the unique colors and charges (lions, designs, etc. that appear on the shield) used to identify a particular individual or their descendants. Shield shapes may vary according to their geographical origin as well as the time period. The shape of the shield is not part of the official blazon. The Helm The helm or helmet is used to indicate the rank of the bearer of the arms from the gold full-faced helm of royalty to the steel helmet with closed visor of a gentleman. The Crest   By the end of the 13th century many nobles and knights had adopted a secondary hereditary device called a crest. Most commonly made of feathers, leather, or wood, the crest has traditionally been used to help distinguish the helm, similar to the device on the shield. The Mantle Originally intended to shield the knight from the heat of the sun and to ward off rain, the mantle is a piece of cloth placed over the helmet, draping down the back to the base of the helm. The fabric is typically two-sided, with one side being of a heraldic color (the principal colors are red, blue, green, black, or purple), and the other a heraldic metal (typically white or yellow). The color of the mantling in a coat of arms most often mirrors the main colors of the shield, although there are many exceptions. The mantle, contoise, or lambrequin is often embellished on the artistic, or paper, coat of arms to give prominence to the arms and crest, and is usually presented as ribbons over the helm. The Wreath The wreath is a twisted silken scarf used to cover the joint where the crest is attached to the helmet. Modern heraldry depicts the wreath as if two colored scarves had been braided together, the colors showing alternately. These colors are the same as the first named metal and the first named color in the blazon, and are known as the colors. The Motto Not officially granted with a coat of arms, mottos are a phrase which incorporates the basic philosophy of the family or an ancient war cry. They may or may not be present on an individual coat of arms, and are normally placed below the shield or occasionally above the crest.

Luxury Retail Development in Hong Kong and Macau Assignment

Luxury Retail Development in Hong Kong and Macau - Assignment Example The paper highlights on the significant role that marketers play and even some of the tactics that they apply to meet their objectives.As the report highlights in the next five to seven years, China is expected to overtake Japan and become the world’s largest luxury market according to a report by Lu.Two administrative regions of China, that include Macau and Hong Kong are the key indicators of the current surge in luxury retail market in the country. Demand for luxury goods in these two cities have been observed to be on the rise despite economic slowdown, which had severe effects on major markets in the world including China. Lucrative market in Hong Kong and Macau in addition to consumers’ increased buying power has lured international luxury companies to make investment in these two markets. This essay will provide an assessment of luxury retail development in Hong Kong and Macau in relation to evolution of luxury retail market in these two cities and marketing stra tegies, which are being employed by businesses parties in the industry.  Early 1990s marked the development of luxury retail market in China. Prior to 1980s, government restrictions hampered introduction of western goods and services in the country. Consequently, internationally established luxury companies could not be able to penetrate the Chinese market.  Majority of households in the country including those in Hong Kong and Macau had lower purchasing power.

Marketing mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing mix - Essay Example All these suggest that the concept of marketing mix has evolved over time as the 4Ps were initially based on the production and supply context of the 1950s (Kent and Brown 2006). The model now encompasses aspects of sociology and cognitive psychology (Hakansson and Waluszewski 2005 cited in Kent and Brown 2006). Without marketing mix capability other concepts such as customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination would not be able to contribute to better firm performance, suggests Shin (2012) thereby highlighting the significance of MM concept in the field of marketing. However, scholars do not agree on the ingredients of the marketing mix. Some authors such as Borden (1964), Frey (1956), and Staudt and Taylor (1965) consider the elements as procedures, policies and processes, while others look at these elements as tools, parameters or instruments (cited by Waterschoot and Bulte 1992). This concept has been criticized as it lacks any specific explanati on of characteristics, thereby suggesting that the concept has a major flaw. The elements of marketing mix do not lead to any theory development. Gronroos (1989) postulates that the marketing mix artificially limits the scope of marketing management as the concept suggests that marketing decisions can be taken based on the 4 Ps (cited by Bitner 1991). Since many authors are critical of this concept, the marketing mix will be evaluated based on the typology of critique in marketing designed by Hackley (2009). This typology has four overlapping categories – functional, intellectual, ethical and political critique. Functional critique The functional critique would simply question whether the marketing mix concept works. Even though it is considered an important tool, there is no consensus over the eligibility and agreement of the practical application of the 4Ps of the MM variables (Kent and Brown 2006). The MM concept suggests that the buyers are a homogeneous group of people w ith common buying behaviour (Bennett, 1997). Resources and capabilities of the organization are organized in a way to satisfy customer needs but Bennett debates whether the customer accepts product benefits and attributes in the same way as the company claims. The customers are not concerned with the elements of the marketing mix and only seek satisfaction from the products and services. The purpose of MM is to improve sustainability performance across economic, ecological and societal indicators (Pomering, Noble and Johnson 2011). Consumers expect firms to be more socially and environmentally responsible and report that they would prefer to purchase from such organizations. However, there is an attitude-behaviour gap in actual consumer purchase, thereby implying that firms that tend to focus on the MM variables do not achieve the intended objectives. Sustainability through MM elements may appear discordant and hollow unless sustainability is addressed at the vision and mission leve l or at the corporate strategy level. The MM concept focuses on the tactical and managerial aspects of marketing and does not take into account the social, organizational, competitive and economic issues (Bitner 1991). The MM has been criticized for its short-term focus on sales and transactions while undermining the long-term relational thinking and brand equity (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995 cited in Gordon, 2012). The concept has also been criticized f

Professional report about an issue pertaining Essay

Professional report about an issue pertaining - Essay Example However, business firms have often been witnessed to overlook the aspect of ethical being or their Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) while executing their organisational operations. For instance, marketers often make illusionary comments to persuade the customers, manufacturers often release harmful chemicals and elements in the open environment which affects the social and the eco-system of earth. The intention behind performing such unethical doings by organisations is mostly related to the realisation of huge profit in a short span of time. This not only harms the society at large but also has a strong effect on the company’s reputation and goodwill (Sharma, 2010). Subsequently, ethical performance is quite imperative in the case of an apparel company, especially when it is operating on multinational dais. It is because customer loyalty and their interest signify stimulated growth for the companies dealing with products similar to apparel. With this point of view, the paper shall intend to analyse the situation and identify the consequences most probable to occur in the near future. Conclusively, the paper shall also suggest certain preliminary measures to overcome the identified challenges. A Situational Analysis In managerial terms ‘Business Ethics’ is often referred to as an oxymoron, i.e. it brings two or more conflicting issues together in order to obtain an in-depth understanding to what is right and wrong for the business and the society as well. However, in the realistic practices the organisational leaders have over and over again been observed to rant the issue of business ethics as a mere management concept rather than one of the most significant and uncompromising issues (Crane & Matten, 2007). With this concern, few ethical issues related to the apparel company can be identified in their supply-chain arrangements. For instance, one of the major suppliers of the company has been recorded to continue performing unethical practices in its South African branch. The allegations recorded against the company were emitting harmful toxic effluents into river, dumping needles, razors, caustic soda and other detrimental ingredients in the local municipality dumps. As a result, child rag-pickers of the neighbourhood have complained about breathing troubles, visionary problems and skin diseases. With an overall perspective, it is seemed that the consequences of the ethical practices performed by the supplier cannot affect the organisational operations. But with an in-depth analysis, it is quite identifiable that the impact can directly influence the growth of the company. Moreover, it can also affect the entire apparel industry as it is associated with several other large companies. Hence, it is quite essential to adapt certain precautionary measures in order to eradicate the consequences. It is in this context, that organisations should pay equal attention to both the aspects of business practices and the cul tural expectations. To be mentioned, there are various initiatives undertaken by business firms in multiple regions. For example, 34 different nations have been recorded to join their hands in order to enforce the Foreign Corrupt

Edward Hallet Carrs Arguments In What Is History?

Edward Hallet Carrs Arguments In What Is History? Introduction This essay attempts to review Edward Hallet Carrs (1892-1982) arguments in his book What is History? According to Carr, history is a continual process of interaction; a dialogue between the historian in the present and the facts of the past and the relative weight of individuals and social elements on both sides of the equation. Advocating the adoption of a suitable philosophy to the approach of writing history, in terms of selecting, distinguishing and interpreting historical fact, Carr elucidates that great history is written when the historians view of the past is illuminated by insights into the conditions of the present. In addition to continually asking why, the historian also needs to project into the future. This essay attempts to understand Carrs views on objectivity, truth and narrative in the arguments put forth in his book What is History? and the assessment of his arguments by other historians. H.E. Carrs Arguments on What is History In his arguments on What is History? Carr sets out the following premise. History is a continual dialogue between the past and the present; an interaction between the historian and his facts. Establishing the criteria for selecting historical fact, Carr argues that fact itself is insufficient and must be correctly and truthfully interpreted. To arrive at a correct interpretation and factual account of history, a historian must continually question why and whither, as history in essence is change. Carr also underlines the fact that historians, as individuals, cannot be divested from the society they live in. A proper philosophy to the approach of history is thus essential for the historian. Each era or century has its own interpretation of what history is. As a social process, history is an interaction between the past and the present and between the society of today and yesterday. History according to Carr contains a corpus of ascertained facts and these are available to the historian in documents. He however asserts that fact without accurate interpretation is ineffectual. To understand this, one has to first distinguish historical fact from other facts in the past. Carr discusses historical fact in light of the Empirical or Common Sense View of History. There are certain basic facts that are the same for all historians and which form the backbone of history. These facts, however, form the raw material for the historian, rather than history itself. The necessity to verify the truth of these basic facts rests on a priori decision by the historian. Whilst accuracy of such facts is a necessary, a historian must also rely on the auxiliary sciences of history archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology amongst others. A historian like any other scientist must continually ask the question why. The question whither also assumes importance, since the line of demarcation between pre-historic and historical times is eclipsed when people cease to live only in the present and become consciously interested in their past and future. However, Carr also reveals that as a social being the historian is naturally and inclined to be selective of the facts he chooses. Our picture of the past has been preselected and predetermined for us by people who consciously or unconsciously imbued a particular view and saw those facts as worthy of preserving. Carr likens history to an enormous jigsaw puzzle with many missing parts. A lacunae in the historical facts of 5th century Greece B.C has arisen due to one sided view of Greece from the Athenian citizen. Hardly any information is available on how it looked to other citizens like the Spartan, Corinthian, Theban or even a slave. The 19th century fetishism of facts was complemented by an equal fetishism for documents. However, none of this means anything unless the author has actually deciphered and processed the facts found in these documents before making use of them. Carr defines the method the historian makes use of facts as the processing process. The Stresemanns Vermà ¤ch tnis volume is one such illustration of the selectiveness of historians. Sometimes mere fact about the past is transformed into history. For example while the Battle of Hastings 1066 is an important historical event, it is the historian who decides the whether the inclusion of Caesars crossing of the Rubicon is a relevant historical fact. Or the mention of the murder of a ginger bread vendor at Stalybridge Wakes in 1850 is equally relevant. Their status as historical facts will depend on their interpretation. Correct and truthful interpretation of historical fact is equally important stresses Carr. Facts are like fish swimming about in a vast and sometimes inaccessible ocean. What the historian catches will depend largely on which part of the ocean he is fishing and what fish he intends to catch. The ancient or mediaeval historian may be grateful for the large winnowing process which has over the years put a manageable corpus of facts at their disposal. The modern historian on the other hand has the dual task of discovering a few significant facts and discarding the insignificant ones as unhistorical. Each historian belongs to his own age and is bound to it by the conditions of human existence. An understanding of the past can be achieved by an insight into present conditions. The choice of words for example democracy, empire or war, are connotations linked to the historians specific time in history. Similarly, over the years, a change in the balance of power, world wars and other movements have also influenced historical writing. French history in the latter twentieth century was deeply affected by the Russian Revolution of 1917. Carr advises historians that equal importance should be given to the date and publication of writing as the name of the author when commencing on a study. Carr states it is imperative that the author should neither dwell solely on the past nor disassociate totally from it, but master and understands it, as the key to understanding the present. The reconstitution of the past in the historians mind is dependent on empirical evidence, but is not in itself an empirical process as facts do not speak for themselves. The process of reconstitution governs the selection and interpretation of facts. This indeed is what makes them historical facts. The facts of history are never handed down to us in a pure form clarifies Carr. They are always refracted through the mind of the recorder. When a historian takes up a work of history, the authors first concern should not be with the facts, but rather an understanding of the historians who wrote it and their back ground. To appreciate the work of the English Liberal Historian, Trevelyan England under Queen Anne, one must interpret it against the background of his traditional Whig historian lineage. To appreciate the thoughts behind peoples action, Carr exhorts historian to cultivate an imaginative understanding of the minds of people they are dealing with for a correct interpretation of historical fact. Historians must necessarily cultivate an objective approach to history asserts Carr. The duty of the historian to respect fact cannot be overshadowed by the obligation to see that the facts are accurate. The historian must seek to bring into the picture all known or knowable facts, relevant in one sense or the other to the theme and the interpretation proposed. History is meaningless in a static world affirms Carr. History in its essence is change reveals Carr. It is meaningless in a static world. A society which loses its belief in its capacity to move into the future will quickly cease to concern itself with its progress in the past. History can be accurately written by those who find and accept a sense of direction in history itself. Whilst writing history, two processes must go hand in hand input and output, states Carr. Working historians must stop and reflect what they are doing. The historian can thus effectively mould facts to his interpretation. Speaking from his own experience, Carr reveals that the process of reading and writing are simultaneous exercises for him. The writing is added to and subtracted from as he goes along. He found that his reading was more guided and directed by the writing as he went along. Assessment of Carrs Arguments Since its publication in 1961 E.H. Carrs What is History? the book established itself as a classic reference on the subject.  [1]  Yet despite its widespread recognition, many inner flaws and contradictions have surfaced, sparking several debates on Carr supposition of What is History? Whilst rejecting the crude and rigid re-constructionist stance of the empiricist, Carr as a political constructionist historian has failed to visualise the post modern challenge to the distinction between fact and fiction in historical narrative and the influence of root metaphors.  [2]  His epistemological position is revealed through his scepticism about the nature and status of historical knowledge and sociology of knowledge. (Alan Munslow). Over the years there have been disagreements about Carrs contribution to the analytical philosophy of history, shadowing the distinction between re-constructionism and constructionism.  [3]   Authors Anders Stephanson and Rendall Germain in their appraisal conclude that Carrs answers to the questions he has set about history are in themselves unsatisfactory. Another writer, Keith Jenkins underlines the futility of Carrs empirical-analytical concept particularly in light of the post modern challenges.  [4]  Carr devalues his currency of re-constructionist theory, by his ultimate acceptance of the epistemological model of historical explanation as the best method to create and evaluate historical thought.  [5]   Exploring Carrs epistemological claim to radicalism and his insistence that a historian cannot divorce himself from the outlook and interests of his age, Historian Alan Munslow, highlights the fact that today with greater awareness of the weakness of representation, reference and inductive inference, a larger part of historical writing is based on the supposition that we cannot know any absolute truths about the past. Whilst acknowledging Carrs attention to the discursive nature of historical facts, Historian Alex Callinicos refutes Carrs opinion that the importance of empirical evidence diminishes since the facts of history are refracted through the mind of the historian.  [6]  Rather this premise gives rise to the question of the historians subjective bearing on the facts. Carr drops his objectivist anchor when he argues that Historian Collingwoods logic of sceptical position leads to the idea that there is no certainty in historical meaning and that the discourses of historians, or what Carr termed as total scepticism, like something spun out a human brain, suggests that there could be no objective truth in historical writing.  [7]  Supporting his own belief in the power of empiricism, Carrexplicitly rejected Nietzches notion that historical truth is defined by fitness of purpose. This misguiding percept excludes the possibility that one interpretation is as good as another.  [8]   While confirming the necessity of a continual interaction between the historian and his facts, Carr was unwilling to acknowledge that the written historical fact could possibly be a work of fiction.  [9]  He overlooks the reality that new evidence and new theory can offer new interpretations. Carrs epistemological theory of knowledge argues that the past is known from its evidence and remains so whilst being introduced in the historical narrative.  [10]   For example, Carrs argument that facts are a priori decision of the historian, and that the historians influence on and the arrangement of these facts is what constitutes historical meaning. However, this gives rise to the risk of subjectivity and the outcome may not be an accurate representation of the evidence.  [11]   Carr pulls back from relativism which his own logic has thrust him into. Aware that he is running a post empiricist wind, he rejects Collingwoods demand for the emphatic and constructive approach and cites another historian who accepts the model of dialogue between past and present, while keeping an objective point of view. This profile of a historian is affirmed by the American Commentators Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt and Margaret Jacob who repacked Carrs position as practical realism.  [12]   Carr uses his objectivist angle to underplay the problems of historical form.  [13]  He does this by arguing that the standard for objectivity in history is the historians sense of the direction in history, which means the historian selects facts not on personal bias, but on the ability to choose the right facts, or, in other words, that he applies the right standard of significance.  [14]   Carrs objective historian is one who has the ability to see beyond the inadequate vision of his own position in society and history and at the same time has the ability to visualise the future to give him a more in depth and enduring understanding of the past.  [15]   The objective historian is also one who penetrates most deeply into the mutual method of fact and value, who recognises that facts and values are not necessarily in opposition to differences in standards emerging from disparity of historical fact, and vice versa. An objective historian also understands the boundaries of historical theory. Carrs insists that the objective historian should develop the habit of reading and interpreting the evidence at the same time. However, appropriate social theory precludes presumption or series of connected presumptions, of how people in the past acted intentionally and related to their social contexts.  [16]   Conclusion In his book What is History? H E Carr lays out the premises for conducting a correct approach and philosophy to writing history. History according to Carr is a continuous dialogue between the past and present and a continual interaction between the historian and the facts, for a correct interpretation and accurate recording of facts. It is constantly changing. It is important therefore for the historian to develop a proper philosophy of history before undertaking a study, where historical fact, the criteria for selection of, and their factual interpretation are of vital importance. Carrs arguments about objectivity and his epistemological theory of knowledge have been widely criticised by empiricist as well as the social theory historians. His failure to visualise post modern challenge to the distinction between fact and fiction in historical narrative and his inclination towards post-empiricism despite his claims to radicalism have reduced the currency of his re-constructionist theory.